In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricacies of optimizing power settings for the Elecraft K3S and WSJT-X. From understanding the impact of power levels on signal quality to fine-tuning your setup for maximum efficiency, this guide provides invaluable insights and step-by-step instructions to enhance your digital communication experience.
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Copyright: Paul Gacek 2020 and selected photos Scott Bovitz 2020
Somewhere in the Mojave Desert, Southern California
The rush of cold air was oddly irritating. I wondered if I needed it as darkness was a few hours old but the night air was still in the mid eighties. I’m surprised how quickly my body has adapted after being in the desert for four days where afternoon highs were close to a hundred degrees Fahrenheit. I leave the cold air blowing and focus on the drive home.
This wasn’t the plan but like all great plans of mice and men things have gone sideways.
Shockingly brutal fires have ravaged the West, seemingly singling out California for special treatment. Our first choice, up at cooler 8,000 ft, was within the Los Padres National Forest which understandably along with all other California National Forests was closed. No hiking, no sightseeing, no camping and definitely no fires nor generators.
Do you really want to be W6E?
Borrowing 1×1 call signs for special events is a real treat. My first foray was with K7E during the 7QP and being a planful type, I had reserved K7E and W6E long in advance of their intended uses.
Dean’s (N6DE) email congratulated me on my early reservation of W6E. NCCC, the CQP organizers have a one off event to celebrate the 50th year of their club. The jist of it is to get 1×1 callsigns on the air that spell out S E Q U O I A as the last letter and reward participants for making contacts with them. Prior years have had something similar such as Gold Rush and this year’s name highlights another California first, the world’s largest tree. And with that, it’s Bingo. Serendipity has delivered me a Sequoia call sign, W6E.
Dean wanted to ensure I understood this was more like a rave party than cocktails at seven. Standing room only, crushed shoulders, loud noise and potentially very energetic participants. A heavily amplified signal was suggested, as was a decent antenna and given my lack of CW skills, a partner.
After reflecting on all of this and being a somewhat competitive individual, I declared my willingness to turn up with a 500w amplifier, a big boy antenna and even a CW impresario.
I wanted to play competitively, it was that simple.
Hello Scott, N6MI
In the not too distant past, Scott had communicated with me on one of my SOTA blogs. I discovered Scott’s deep experience and fascination with wilderness operating. Unlike my literally pedestrian experiences, Scott has the most perfect mobile contest station know as a Cow. Thinking it a term of endearment, I later discovered is an industry term for a Cellular on Wheels (COW).
Scott N6MI with his Canon DSLR…another hobby in common
Drawing from years of participation and organizing CQP, Dean offered up a series of possible partners with expedition pedigree and coincidentally one was Scott.
Random partnering is a risky affair at best and made somewhat more risky in the age of COVID when people are unlikely to meet ahead of time. Our initial phone calls suggested we were well suited and Scott’s deep experience an irresistible draw for someone that wants to be a better Expeditioner.
N6MI’s COW
Scott’s operating position….mine is positively primitive by comparison
Expeditions can be brutal
Almost 100% of my ham life has been some form of an expedition. Whether it’s one of the hundreds of SOTA activations, one of the countless NPOTA events or trips to Central America or the Caribbean, all are similar to the extent that what I have at the destination is what I pack and take with me from my home. Unlike most ham stations, mine is clearly not a permanent station and success is a function of planning, practicing and praying.
Many of the US State QSO parties, CQP and 7QP included, recognize Expeditions as a unique category and allow competition and awards amongst similarly impaired stations. Sadly, the top global contests organized by CQ World Wide, ARRL and DARC aren’t so generous nor enlightened, leaving Expeditioners to compete against more permanent and typically more effective “in country” stations.
Planning and practice makes perfect…..
Amplifiers are power hungry beasts and desert 110v outlets a rarity. I’ve acquired a Honda 2200i generator and three two gallon fuel cans. I had no experience with fuel cans and I was really quite concerned with self immolating in the desert while refueling the generator.
Generator tests at home
Power line filter….that didn’t work as well as I expected on 80m
The generator has a reputation for being electrically noisy, I built a filter to suppress any noise or so I thought. I’ve bought 100 ft of seemingly far too heavy 8 gauge power cord to place my audibly noisy generator far, far away from the Jeep.
Last and definitely not least, I’ve perfected solo deployment of my HexBeam over a 3 week period at a friend’s house. 30ft up and a 20ft wing span seemed a tall (pun intended) order for me to do solo. While it’s not super heavy, the fulcrum effect leaves me wondering if it will all topple over on the day.
Waiting in Mojave
Heading north it’s the last town before a long and lonely stretch up highway 395 through the Owen’s Valley. I’ve successfully conquered one of my fears, filling up three gas cans with two mounted outside the Jeep and one stashed within and I now have six gallons to feed my generator.
The gas station sells ice tea in various sizes and I’ve opted for the bucket size, after all it’s hot here and cool drinks a premium as the adventure progresses.
I’ve traipsed across many parts of the Western USA high desert which is frequently littered with sage. A beautify aromatic scrub it sometimes manages to weave itself into a ground cover that’s hard to navigate on foot and almost impossible in a Jeep. In contrast, this lower more southern desert has creosote spaced out sufficiently to drive through. We’re not far off the highway and literally feet off the 4×4 dirt road that brought us to this particularly beautiful spot.
Two entirely independent COVID safe stations
I listen to Scott’s suggestions where to locate ourselves to maximize what little gradual decline the terrain has to offer. In this new and strange world of airborne viruses, we have elected to operate from two entirely independent desert stations spaced out five hundred feet or so. There really isn’t an optimal way to locate my Jeep relative to sunrise and sunset but I try to see how life will be with my tail to the west and the setting sun. As I learn over the next four days glass houses are great at amplifying the heat.
We busy ourselves unloading gear as both intend to sleep in our vehicles. Tents, rattlesnakes and scorpions seem a marriage waiting to end in pain.
Either Jeeps are really quite small or my expedition station gear is larger than I thought.
Boxes, a cooler, antennas, cables begin to pile up outside my Jeep. I refuse to deposit any of the radio gear, amps, panadpters outside the Jeep as these don’t deserve to be gently and relentlessly dusted in desert sand making set up long and sometimes tedious as I’m simultaneously unloading and rearranging things within the Jeep.
Mounting a 30 ft mast off of trailer hitch for the OCF
OCF up within a few hours of arrival….FT8 fun tonight
To conserve fuel outside the contest, I run my K3s off a battery using FT8 as an easy propagation/performance probe.
40m works a charm with the OCF
80m, guess I should have tried this at home
Despite all my claims to be planful, somethings have been left too late and I’m learning the hard way that 80m isn’t going to be easy.
Placing the OCF at the top of a mast 30 feet above the back of the Jeep might well have been too optimistic as I think a combination of RF, through proximity and poor filtering on my part are playing havoc with my USB connection and the radio. Nothing wants to work and FT8 is a non starter. Not helping was a higher than hoped SWR on 80m from my OCF.
Cranking back the power and using an SDR listening post in Utah revealed all is not lost on 80m. I might well nab a few voice contacts on Saturday night.
The next day things begin to look even bleaker as prior to a CQP practice session at 500w along with my generator, its clear that the generator is RF friendly on all bands but 80m. I have hideous noise approaching S9+10. Clearly, my home-brew power line filter is less than successful. The COW donates two additional power line filters and the trio reduce noise to an irritating but usable S5/S6 and I feel I’m in with a chance Saturday night and Sunday morning.
Utah WebSDR verifies my voice signal gets out
Solo deployment of the HexBeam, 10 out of 10 score for me!
Mounted atop a 30ft mast, the HexBeam spanning 20 feet or so, is quite a monster compared to my diminutive stature.
When I bought the HexBeam I had always assumed I would be deploying it with someone else but here I am alone in the desert with a daunting task ahead of me. I’m up early as the day heats up quickly and a lot is required to get ship shape ahead of the contest.
For the prior three weeks, I have headed over to a friend’s house and practiced solo deployment of the mast and HexBeam. First attempt was quite hair-raising as I struggled to mate the HexBeam to the mast, so much so that the HexBeam tumbled sideways, fiberglass elements separating and me quickly realizing that it can take a licking and keep on ticking as the elements slid straight back in unbroken. What became apparent during my three practice sessions was to first deploy the mast and set the eight guy line lengths to ensure none are too short and pulling the mast to one side and secondly if it is windy you get some benefit from the guy lines.
SpiderBeam quad pod essential for solo deployment
Setting guy line lengths first helps enormously
Step ladder helps during build
HexBeam safely mated to mast
Successfully deployed single handedly!!
Not the radio setup I wanted
My preference is to mount my KX3 and PX3 on my dash with my laptop below on my lap.
For reasons consigned to history, commercial amplifiers sold in the US have a maximum allowed amplification and the net net is that my KX3 can’t drive my Elecraft 500 watts amplifier to full output (I get around 285 watts).
K7E preferred radio setup – easy ergonomics for me, no twisting and straining to reach the knobs!!
Enter Jim Veatch and HobbyPCB’s Hardrock 500
Jim (WA2EUJ) is the talented award winning designer behind HobbyPCB’s kit business running the gamut from low power amplifiers to DSP radios and much in between. Jim and I have emailed back and forth over the years as I was an early builder of the Hardrock 50 and he has been more than generous helping with technical roadblocks and fantasy SO2R super portable amplifiers.
Jim’s new 500w amplifier kit, aimed at the KX3/2 and FT 817/8 being just that, a kit, isn’t subject to the same amplification limitations.
5 watts in, 500 watts out seems the perfect amplifier for my preferred Jeep setup.
Ask and thou shalt receive
Using Jim’s prototype Hardrock 500 during my deployment tests, has me pulling in voice contacts from Europe which seems spectacular to me. Easily integrated with the KX3/PX3, simple cabling, quiet when running, rugged, no knobs to get knocked off in transit and a built in ATU all make for a compelling package. I like it and it’s coming to the desert!
Hobby PCB Hardrock 500 amplifier mated to KX3 – First contact for me, California to France, Whoopi!!
Jeep station setup….fumbles, frustration and panic
I setup my preferred station of the KX3/PX3 and Hardrock 500 but I quickly realized that I had skipped the class on using the ATU and given my OCF’s paltry SWR on 80m and my HexBeams slightly high SWR on 10m, I was beginning to feel heat induced frustration drift into moments of panic especially when I remembered my unaddressed Honda generator noise issues.
Maybe I was too quick to swap out the KX3/HRD-500 for the K3s/KPA500 especially as Jim had given me his phone number but for better or worst I did the swap.
Attempt one with HRD500 before pilot error got the better of me
Driver seat K-line and not the clothing ding shade duty
Passenger seat operating; Surface Go and Surface Book run N1MM. State and Province abbreviations still require a moment’s thought
My score and QSO count were pretty good
What worked
Competitive score
We both worked diligently to get contacts, choosing the best band and putting in the hours. 30 hours non stop isn’t on my list of To Dos as I certainly kipped down in the back of the Jeep in the wee hours of the night.
I nabbed 723 voice contacts and Scott 917 morse code contacts. Others garnered more than us but I think all round we put on a good show and as the Brits love to say “we didn’t let the side down”.
All in all our raw score places us at the top of our category and maybe once verified that position will stand. Our reward will be “real lumber” in the form of a plaque to immortalize our effort. Here’s looking for Santa to be kind.
Partnering with Scott
I’m a social creature and love to be with people. You learn, you joke, you chat and you do.
Scott’s a character and I enjoyed my time with him immensely. I watched in awe as the pneumatic mast hoists his beam. He saved the day for me on 80m and saved my life Sunday morning by delivering a really tasty cup of coffee. We’ve chatted since CQP and I’m optimistic, especially post vaccine that we will partner up and head somewhere remote with our radio stations.
Great Scott aka N6MI
500w and the HexBeam were great
This seems the minimum entry bar for enjoyable voice (SSB) contesting. My forays with 100w and various dipoles, end feds for a contest is to my mind a masochistic journey to disappointment. I have no issues with super lower power (QRP) as I do that each and every week in my SOTA life but for contesting 500w and a beam is it.
Night time shot of my HexBeam…..guess the QSO rate was down
Generator
Despite my fears of self immolation, the generator is a practical and useful addition to my expedition station and no doubt potentially useful for a California emergency. One option is to convert it to operate from propane with the upside that one large tank could run the generator for more than the 6 hours I got from a gallon of gasoline possibly 24 hours.
Generator, power filter (didn’t really work so well) and 100 ft yellow power cable to Jeep
Food
I brought a K2 cooler and loaded it up with pre cooked real food packed in ice. This included lentils, broccoli, hummus and other items I like that I paired with canned fish. Quick, easy, tasty and cold which on my hot summer days was quite welcome. All washed down with that very un British drink, ice tea.
Do differently next year
Personal comfort
Even on a cold sunny day in California it quickly gets too hot in a vehicle. While I thought I could get away with a “naked” Jeep on top of Frazier Mountain clearly the desert location was sheer unbridled optimism (stupidity?) especially as I had suffered somewhat as K7E. Today, in early December 2020, I’ll pick up my Jeep with the Rhinorack Pioneer platform and two awnings offering 180 degrees of shade. Park my tail to the south and I should be better off.
Hanging bedding to keep sun out
Operating outside the vehicle
This will make a nice option and the awning will help enormously. I have purchased a headless Flexradio 6600 (i.e no front panel/knobs) and am experimenting with PC access. Once dialed in and mated with my KPA500, I’ll have the option to sit outside with a laptop under my awning.
The user interface to a headless Flex 6600….perfect for dash mount and/or carry outside
Headless Flex 6600 (at home) has a lot of potential with KPA500 in Jeep
Light me up
Rock crawling is one use of Jeeps and decidedly popular in SoCal so much so that light are offered that can be installed in the wheel wells to illuminate the ground around. I have 4 red lights being installed and hope this will provide a good enough light solution when operating outside in darkness
By the way, if you didn’t know Jeep stands for “Just Empty Every Pocket“
Better 80m solution
The most obvious solution here is to mount the OCF on a separate mast away from the Jeep. SpiderBeam have an attractive 47 ft aluminum big brother to the one I used. Alternatively, I built separate 80m and 40m verticals with miles of radials that are worth wheeling out, testing, refining and ideally deploying. The upside is they’re lighter and I already have them compared to the 47ft mast.
Better in vehicle operating setup
KX3 and hardrock 500 advantages aside, I do have a K3s/KPA500 that I would like to use. One option is to mount a VGA monitor on my dash (already verified) and extend the Elecraft KPod such that it is adjacent to my laptop. As a long term fan and user of Win4K3, all three of these will provide me with a good enough interaction and control of my K3s/KPA500.
N1MM aficionado
I’m a huge fan of this contesting software package for so many reason; well thought through, excessively full featured, constant development and yes, free. There’s so much to the application and just being better versed and more proficient is a perennial goal.
Conclusion
Despite the heat, despite the uncomfortable sleeping, despite the effort preparing, setting up and tearing down it was all worth it.
I learnt tons, compared to 7QP my performance was a quantum leap better, Scott is my new radio buddy and best of all, I have a memory that will last a lifetime.
Enter your information for My Callsign and My Grid
Check boxes for:
Double-click on calls sets Tx enabled (this will automatically send your first message to the station, as soon as your “turn” comes around)
Disable Tx after sending 73 (this will automatically disable transmitting after 73 has been sent and return you to Monitor mode)
Runaway Tx watchdog (this prevents repeated Transmitting if you become distracted and/or happen to leave and forget to return to Monitor mode)
Decoded Text Font… (Not necessary, but my personal preference.I have Andale Mono Slashed installed in Windows and prefer its slashed zeros differentiated from “O”s in callsigns)
Click OK to save
Radio Tab
Rig: Choose Elecraft K3/KX3.
Serial Port: Enter Com # from step #1 above
Baud Rate set to 38400
Check “Cat” for PTT method
Click OK to save
Audio
This was actually one of the hardest parts of the software setup because both of these values will vary depending on the number of “Physical”, USB and/or “Virtual” sound devices Windows recognizes for your computer
Sound Card Settings
Input: Choose Microphone from list provided from Windows (look for wording containing USB in the name)
Output: Choose Microphone from list (look for USB in the name)
Click OK to Save
If either the two audio sources are not showing up as available, you may need to adjust a few Windows setting to make them available
See attached image-
Open the Playback and/or Recording Devices either from right clicking athe small speaker icon on the taskbar or using Windows Control Panel
First, check to make sure that disabled devices are showing.
If not make sure you choose to show them.
After showing disabled devices, you will need to enable that device.
You can leave the other four setting tab’s value as their default settings
Exit WSJT-X software.
Configuring K3S Settings
Mode
Press MODE button choose DATA
Press DATA MD (press and hold)-
Using VFO B knob, rotate to choose DATA A (do not choose AFSK A )
The BAND WIDTH should be set for maximum (BW 4.0)
Power
JT65 requires very little power (maximum should probably be ~40 watts)
I set this for 5 watts using PWR knob
Adjusting the Mic Gain/ALC
Use METER button (press and hold DISP) to select CMP/ALC (you click and hold this button to cycle through choices of SWR/RF and CMP/ALC)
Connect a dummy load (preferable) or an antenna to appropriate coax output of radio
Start WSJT-X software
Click the “Tune” button, the radio will go into transmit mode, transmitting a pure tone
Increase the MIC gain on K3S until you start to see bars in the ALC display
Decrease the MIC gain on K3S just until you barely see 4 BARS in the ALCdisplay, then stop. (I have tried with ZERO BARS based on others suggestions, both seem to work the same for me.)
Click “Tune” button in software to toggle off radio transmitting
Toggle K3S’s METER to SWR/RF
Click the “Tune” button in software, radio will go into transmit mode, and you should see approximately the RF power displayed that you set in previous step.
Congratulations, you should now be able to make JT-65 contacts with your K3S, you will want to read the help section on more details on how the WSJT-X software works
If you have not already done so, please install a time sync program such as- Meinberg NTP
If you see activity on the receive graph, but a WSJT-X is not decoding see the tips below from Loren - WA3WZR & Andy NC4AB on changing windows priority
Addendum & Notes From e-mail Response (Thanks to all contributors)
Jim, N4ST- I was told by an Elecraft service tech to set up the K3S for ~4 Bars of ALC when operating digital modes, including the JT modes. He said the K3S was different from most rigs and that a few bars of ALC would keep things clean while preventing "power hunting" that can occur if the K3S has inadequate audio drive. This was new to me, but that's how I have been operating.
Q. Dennis, N6KI - What would be the differences in your procedure if a plain K3 is utilized ? A. K8ZT- The ability to use the USB port on K3S allows both rig control and audio in/out with one cable. See also K1IG’s note below.
George, K1IG-
On the Radio Tab (Paragraph 5), set "Split Operation" to Rig. This will let the software run the K3 in split mode and optimize the transmit passband. You can then set the WSJT-X Mode to JT9+JT65 and operate in either mode without having to switch back and forth. If you leave "Split Operation" on None and try to transmit out of the transmit passband, the K3 won't transmit.
To test the connectivity, hit the Test Cat button. It will turn green if the serial/USB connection is good. Hit the Test PTT button next -- it should turn red and the K3 should go into transmit mode (no signal will be transmitted). Hit the button again to go back to receive mode.
If using a K3S or K3 with the USB mod, just plug the USB cable in and select the USB channel for I/O in the Audio menu.
Paul, AF7HL- The piece I'm still missing is integration with logging software. If this could be extended to describe integration with, say, LOG4OM, that would be really helpful.
Additional Links for Information on Using WSJT-X and JT-65
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